Clinical Research Study Process

Phase I

  • First studies of new treatments in humans – safety tests
  • Involve a small number of healthy volunteers
  • Drug dosages are monitored for safety, drug absorption, and how the drug is metabolized and excreted
  • Studies are short

Phase II

  • First efficacy and safety studies
  • Study patients are participants with a diagnosed disease for which the drug is intended
  • Drug is studied for safety and its potential effectiveness in treating the disease
  • Studies are longer

Phase III

  • Comparison studies: to test one treatment vs. another
  • Study patients are participants with a diagnosed disease for which the drug is intended
  • The current standard of care drug is compared to the study drug
  • Final phase of testing for a new drug to be submitted to the FDA for approval
  • Larger scale studies to confirm efficacy and safety

Phase IV

  • Studies of already FDA approved drugs for new indications and/or doses

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